Everything about Bullet Voting totally explained
Bullet voting is a tactic where the voter only selects one candidate, despite having the option to indicate some preference for other candidates. They might do this either because it's easier than evaluating all the candidates, or (depending on the
voting system in use) as a form of
tactical voting.
If enough voters
bullet vote then almost any
voting system functions like
plurality voting system. This is generally considered to be a poor result, as many voting systems are intended as reforms or improvements which avoid or minimize some of the alleged disadvantages of plurality (aka First Past the Post). However, if voters bullet vote as a conscious strategy to express their
meta-preference that candidates with strong support are preferable to "compromise" candidates with broad support, then it may not be a problem.
This tactic is possible in any voting system which doesn't require ranking all the candidates. In practice, this is the majority of voting systems as actually implemented (as opposed to in theory), since to reject ballots which don't rank all candidates would risk an excessive number of
spoiled ballots. However, it's mainly an issue in voting systems which can reward this tactic — primarily
approval voting and to a lesser extent
range voting — and in those which don't significantly penalize it — primarily
instant-runoff voting and a non-standard form of
Borda count.
Candidates may seek to encourage bullet voting in certain situations. One example is where there's a
Bloc voting election for two seats of the same office, and there are several candidates (say A, B, and C). Voters in such a situation typically have two votes. Candidate A will encourage his voters to vote only for him and not use their second vote. If the second vote is cast for B or C, it'll help A's opponents. The situation is most pronounced where A is of one party and B and C are of another party. If voters from B and C's party vote for them, while A's partisans cast one vote for A and split their second vote between B and C, A will be significantly disadvantaged.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Bullet Voting'.
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